@Article{NegriMachBord:2014:InCoSy,
               author = "Negri, Renato Galante and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and Borde, 
                         R.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Organisation for the 
                         Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)}",
                title = "Inner convective system cloud-top wind estimation using 
                         multichannel infrared satellite images",
              journal = "International Journal of Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "35",
               number = "2",
                pages = "651–670",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "cloud-top wind, multichannel infrared satellite, images.",
             abstract = "Knowledge of deep convective system cloud processes and dynamic 
                         structures is a key feature in climate change and nowcasting. 
                         However, the horizontal inner structures at the cloud tops of deep 
                         convective systems are not well understood due to lack of 
                         measurements and the complex processes linked to dynamics and 
                         thermodynamics. This study describes a new technique to extract 
                         inner cloud-top dynamics using brightness temperature differences. 
                         This new information could help clarify ring and U or V shape 
                         structures in deep convection and be potentially useful in 
                         nowcasting applications. Indeed, the use of high-resolution 
                         numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which now include 
                         explicit microphysical processes, requires data assimilation at 
                         very high resolution as well. A standard atmospheric motion vector 
                         tracking algorithm was applied to a pair of images composed of 
                         combinations of Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-red Imager 
                         (SEVIRI) channels. Several ranges of channel differences were used 
                         in the tracking process, such intervals being expected to 
                         correspond to specific cloud-top microphysics structures. Various 
                         consistent flows of motion vectors with different speeds and/or 
                         directions were extracted at the same location depending on the 
                         channel difference intervals used. These differences in 
                         speed/direction can illustrate local wind shear situations, or 
                         correspond to expansion or dissipation of cloud regions that 
                         contain high concentrations of specific kinds of ice crystals or 
                         droplets. The results from this technique were compared to models 
                         and ancillary data to advance our discussion and 
                         inter-comparisons. Also, the technique proposed here was evaluated 
                         using SEVIRI images simulated by the radiative transfer model 
                         RTTOV with input data from the UK Met Office Unified Model. A 
                         future application of the new data is exemplified by showing the 
                         relationship between wind divergence calculated from the new 
                         atmospheric motion vector and convective cloud top 
                         intensification.",
                  doi = "10.1080/01431161.2013.871391",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.871391",
                 issn = "0143-1161",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}